Stem and method and means for making same



Feb. 7, 1933. J A SPENCER 1,896,599

STEM AND METHOD AND MEANS FOR MAKING SAME Filed Oct. 7, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR John pencer av A1T NEY Feb. 7, 1933- J SPENCER I 1,896,599

STEM AND METHOD AND MEANS FOR MAKING SAME Filed Oct. '7, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 1 N VEN TOR. Jalzn Spender B Y I I l A TTORNE) Patented Feb. 1, 193a UNITED, STATES PATEN OFFICE JOHN A. OI NEWTON, IASSLOHUBITTS, ASSIGNOB T RAYTHEON PBDDUC- 'I'IOI COBIOMTIOH, 0F NEWTON, IABSACHUBITIS, A. CORPORATION OF DELAWARE m m-nrnon um nus roa me} am Application 1184! Qetober 7, 1m. Serial R0. 397,881.

1 ciform cross-section, it has been customary to use four anvils, each of said anvils approximating the shape ofa quadrant. The direction of force applied to these anvils substan tia-lly bisected each of them. In manufacturin toward the jacent anvil. This is accomp ing stems in this manner it was found that the friction of the glass against the anvil tended to crowd the glass toward the center. A further evil effect was the failure of the anvils to exert sufiicient pressure normal to the glass at the ends of the wings with the result that wires sealed .therein were not gastight. Such effects were often exaggerated by the unavoidable variations in the tem rature of the glass due to a change in a justment-ofzthe burners, gas pressure or.d1rectionof flame. g v

An object of this invention is to devise a method of manufacturin stems having a cruciformv ress which will be free of the above note defects.

A further object is to devise simple and suitable mechanism for use in the manufacture of suclfstems.

In general the stems are manufactured inthe usual stem head and equipped withfour anvils instead of the customs. two. The anvils are so shaped and impe ed with respeet to each other and to the lass that each one tends to press the glass t ughout the full extent of awing surface a inst an adished by so are pressed shaping the anvils that as they k d oc an twist glass they tend to around.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a view in elevation of a stem head.

. Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view showin the anvils in position after pressing the so glass.

Fig. 3 is a view of the completed stem.

, The stem head shown in Figure 1 com rises the usual jaws 1 and 2 between which is clam d a lass tube 3'out of which the stem is to ma e. Within this tube are a plurality of. wires 4 suitably positioned by holes in a jig 5. An exhaust tube. 6 is maintained in position b the well known mechanism, generally designatedas 7. Handles 8 and 9 are provided for releasing jaw 1 and 2 and mechanism 7 respectively. Supported in spaced position equi-distant around the lass tube are four arms 10, 11, 12 and 13. pivoted at 16 and are adapted to be actuated ese arms through push rods 17 and spider 18 by ush rod 19'passing through the center of the ead and operated 1n the usual manner.

Supported by arms to 13 inclusive are four anvils 21 to 24 inclusive. These anvils are of usual thickness and the shape shown in Figure 2. The anvils comprise portions 26 having the rectangular shape shown. Portions 26 are backed by a larger portion 28 of the anvil having sloping sides 29 and 30 coming form the rectangular sides of portion 26; In practice, the best results'have been secured by making the angle between side 29 and the adjacent side of portions 26, 117. The same angle is taken between side 30 and the correspondin side of portion 26. In this way, it is evi ent that sides 29 and 30 are perpendicular to each other. Of course any other angles may be chosen providing the same relationship is maintained.

The center lines passing through the angles and intersectin at the central portion 0f the press indicate t e direction in which force is applied to the anvils. The an 1e between the axis of the press is With a head nipped with such anvilsit i evident that as t e anvils are pressed toward the lass that the slopin sides 29 and of all t e anvils tend to de ect or twist the anvils in a clockwise direction as seen in Figure 2. This deflection is naturally ve small but is just suflicient to permit one of .t e sides direction of. applied force an the horizontal of portion 26 to press the glass perpendicuthe lass throughout the press is uniformly and rmly pressed toform tight seals.

In Figure 3 a completed stem is shown and comprises flared tubular portion with a press having wings 36 37, 38 and 39 formed therein. he usual xhaust tube 40 is also shown. Sealed into wings 36 to 39 inclusive are heavy arbors 40, while smaller wires 41 are sealed in the central portion of the wings.

As many wires as may be found necessary may be sealed in the press withoutfear of leakage at the seals.

I claimz' 1. The method of making stems having cruciform presses which comprises pressing the glass inwardly toward the center to form wings and then ressing the glass normal to the wing sides with different pressures.

2. The method of forming stems having cruciform presses which consists in pressing the glass inwardly to form wings, the axis of pressure being nearer to one wmg surface than to the adjacent wing surface, and then pressing the glass .in a direction normal to the sides of the wings. I

3. The method of forming cruciform presses which consists in applying pressure from four points inwardl against the glass to formwings, the axis 0 pressure at each point being at an angle of substantially 15 to an adjacent wing face and then applying pressure to the winged sides in the direction normal to the plane thereof.

4. In a head for making stems having a cruciform 'ress, a plurality of anvils, each of said anvlls having a forwardly projecting portion adapted to shape the glass, a rear portion adapted to cooperate wlth adjacent anvvils to exert pressure on the glass and means for pressing each of said anvils toward the center of the head along axes having dissimilar angles with horizontal axes of the press.

5. In a head for making stems having a cruciform press, a plurality of anvils each of said anvils having a forwardly projecting portion for shaping the glass, a rear portion adapted to cooperate with adjacent anvils to exert pressure on the glass, and means for pressing the anvils toward the center of the heads along the axis at an angle of substantially 15 with the horizontal axes of the press.

6. In a head for making stems with a cruciform press, a plurality of anvils, each of said anvils having a forwardly projecting portion having faces at substantially right y angles to each other, and a rear portion, said rear portion being bounded by faces adjacent said first two faces, said bounding faces being at right angles to each other in each anvil.

7. In a head for making stems having a cruciform press, a plurality of anvils, each of said anvils having a forwardly projecting portion having rectangularly disposed side faces, a rear portion, and bounding faces for said rear portion extending from the ends of said rectangularly disposed side faces, said bounding faces having an angle of 117 with said side faces.

stems having 7 pre 8. In a head for making stems having cruciform presses, a plural ty of anvils, each of said anvils having a forwardly projecting glass shaped portion and a rear portion adapted to cooperate with adjacent anvils,

circular strain in the anvils.

9. The method of forming stems having cruciform presses which consists in pressing the glass inwardly to form wings, the axis of pressure first being maintained predominantly normal to one surface of each wing, said axis of pressure being finally shifted to a position so that the proportion of pressure on the opposite surface of each of said wings is substantially increased.

10. In a head for making stems with a multiple wing press of a glass-like material, a plurality of anvils arranged to be invariably moved toward each other and having faces for engaging a glass-like'body to form wings therein, each anvil having two wing faces differently inclined to the direction of their inward movement. 9

11: In a head for making stems with a multiple wing press of a glass-like material, a plurality of anvils arranged to be invariably moved toward each other and having faces for engaging a glass-like body to form 1 wings therein and compress said wings to a said rear portions being so shaped that 'radial pressure on the anvils tends to induce predetermined thickness, wing faces being differently inclined to the direction of their inward movement to cause the anvil face engaging one face of a wing to move relatively thereto at greater velocity than the anvil face engaging the other face of the wing.

12. In a head for making stems with a multiple wing press of a glass-like material, a plurality of anvils arranged to be invariably moved toward each other and having each a pair of anvil facesfor engaging a glass-like body to form .wings therem and compress said wings to a predetermined thickness, each anvil having two wing faces differently inclined to the direction of their inward movementto cause one anvil face to move against the engaged wing face 1n for- -mation at a different rate than its other anvil face moves against the wing face engaged it. 13. In a head for making stems with a multiple wing press of a glass-like material, a plurality of anvils arranged to be invari ably moved toward eachxother and having faces for engaging a glass -like body to form win s therein and compress said wings to a determined thickness, and means on said anvils for interlocking the same against each other in the inward end position.

14. In a head for. making stems with a mul-' tiple wing press of a glass-like material, a plurality of anvils arranged to be invariably moved toward each other and having faces for engaging a glass-like body to form wings therein and compress said wings to a predetermined thickness, and means on said anvils for interlocking the same against each other in the inward end position to uniform- 1y distribute the pressure of the anvil faces on the formed win faces. 7

15. In a head or making stems with a multiple wing press of a glass-like material, a plurality of anvils arranged to be invari- 10 ably moved toward each other and having faces for engaging a glass-like body to form wings therein and compresssaid wings to a predetermined thickness, wing faces being differently inclined to the direction of their inward movement to cause the anvil face engaging one face of a wing to move relativel thereto at greater veloc1t than the anvil face engaging the other ace of the wing, and means on said anvils for interlocking the same against each other in the inward end position to uniformly distribute the pressure of the anvil faces on the formed wing faces.

16. In a head for making stems with a multiple wing press of a glass-like material,

a plurality of anvils arranged to be invariably; movedtoward each other and having eac a pair of anvil faces for engaging a glass-like bod to form wingstherein and com ress --sai wings to a predetermined aothic ess, each.anvil having two wing faces differently inclined to the direction of their inward movement to cause one anvil face to move against the engaged wing face in formation at a different rate than its other anvil face moves against [the wingface engaged by it, and means on said anvils for mterlockin the same against each other in the inwar end position to uniformly distribute the pressure of the anvil faces on the formed 40 wing faces.

17.v The method of making stems with a multiple wing press of glass-like material which comprises impressing a plurality of 'anvils inwardly into a softened glass-like L body of'the stem to form wings therein, and

directing the inward movement of said anvils to cause one face of a wing to be engaged by an anvil surface moving atgreater speed than the anvil surface engaging the other face of the wing. L a

18. The method of making stems with a multiple wing press of glass-like material which comprlses impress ng a plurality of anvils inwardly into a softened glass-like body of the stem to form wings therein, diyrecting the inward movement of said anvils to cause one face of a wing to be engaged by an anvil surface moving at greater speed than the anvil surface engaging the other face of the wing, and then impressing with said anvils substantially uniform pressure on all wing faces.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

JOHN A. SPENCER. 

